The Derawar Fort in Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

The Derawar Fort built by Bhati Rajputs in Bahawalpur, Pakistan.

கிருஷ்ணனின் வம்சாவளியைக் அறியுங்கள்.

யதுவுக்கு சகஸ்ரஜித்து, குரோஷ்டு, நளன், நகுஷன் என்ற நான்கு பிள்ளைகள்
குரோஷ்டு மகன் துவஜினீவான்
துவஜினீவான் மகன் சுவாதி
சுவாதி மகன் ருசங்கு
ருசங்கு மகன் சித்திராதன்
சித்திராதன் மகன் சசபிந்து
சசபிந்துவுக்கு பல பிள்ளைகளும் உண்டு. அவர்களில் பிருதுசிரவன், பிருதுகர்மா, பிருதுகீர்த்தி, பிருதுயசன், பிருதுஜயன், பிருதுதானன் என்ற அறுவர் முக்கியமானவர்கள்.

அவர்களில் பிருது கீர்த்தி என்பவனின் மகன் பிருதுதமன்
பிருதுதமன் மகன் உசனன்
உசனன் மகன் சிதபு
சிதபுவின் மகன் ருக்குமகவசன்
ருக்குமகவசன் மகன் பராவிருத்து
பராவிருத்துக்கு ருக்குமேஷு, பிருது ருக்குமன், ஜ்யாமகன், பலிதன், ஹரிதன் என பிள்ளைகள் ஐவர்
ஜ்யாமகன் மகன் விதர்ப்பன் (விதர்ப்ப தேசத்தை உண்டாக்கியவன்)
விதர்ப்பராஜனுக்கு கிருதன், கைசிகன், ரோமபாதன் (சேதி வம்சம் இவன் வழியில் வந்தது)
கிருதன் மகன் குந்தி
குந்தி மகன் திருஷ்டி
திருஷ்டி மகன் விதிருதி
விதிருதி மகன் தசரகன்
தசரகன் மகன் வியோமன்
வியோமன் மகன் நீமுதன்
நீமுதன் மகன் விகிருதி
விகிருதி மகன் பீமரதன்
பீமரதன் மகன் நவரதன்
நவரதன் மகன் தசரதன்
தசரதன் மகன் சகுனி
சகுனி மகன் காம்பி
காம்பி மகன் தேவராதன்
தேவராதன் மகன் தேவஷத்திரன்
தேவஷத்திரன் மகன் மது (இவனாலேயே கிருஷ்ணனுக்கு மாதவன் என்றும் பெயருண்டு)
மதுவின் மகன் குருவமிசன்
குருவமிசன் மகன் அனு
அனு வின் மகன் புருஹோத்திரன்
புருஹோத்திரன் மகன் அம்சன்
அம்சன் மகன் சத்துவதன்
சத்துவதன் மகன் அந்தகன்
அந்தகன் மகன் பசமானன்
பசமானன் மகன் விடூரதன்
விடூரதன் மகன் சூரன்
சூரன் மகன் சமி
சமியின் மக பிரதிஷத்திரன்
பிரதிக்ஷத்திரன் மகன் போஜன்
போஜன் மகன் இருதிகன்
இருதிகன் மகன் தேவகர்ப்பன்
தேவகர்ப்பன் மகன் சூரன்
சூரன் மகன் வசுதேவன்
வசுதேவன் மகன்கள் கிருஷ்ணன் - பலராமன்

தமிழகத்தில் உணவு ருசியுங்கள்..!

1. சிம்மக்கல் கறி தோசை, கோலா உருண்டை
2. நடுக்கடை : இடியாப்பம் - ஆட்டுக்கால் பாயா
3. சிதம்பரம் கொத்சு
4. புத்தூர் அசைவச் சாப்பாடும் கெட்டித் தயிரும்
5. திருவானைக்கா ஒரு ஜோடி நெய் தோசை
6. கும்பகோணம் பூரி-பாஸந்தி
7. ஸ்ரீரங்கம் இட்லி பொட்டலம்
8. மன்னார்குடி அல்வா
9. கூத்தாநல்லூர் தம்ரூட்
10. நீடாமங்கலம் பால்திரட்டு
11. திருவையாறு அசோகா
12. கும்பகோணம் டிகிரி காபி
13. விருதுநகர் பொரிச்ச பரோட்டா
14. கோவில்பட்டி கடலை மிட்டாய்
15. ஆம்பூர் தம் பிரியாணி
16. நாகர்கோவில் அடை அவியல்
17. சாத்தூர் சீவல்
18. திருநெல்வேலி இருட்டுக் கடை அல்வா
19. ஸ்ரீவில்லிபுத்தூர் பால்கோவா
20. செங்கோட்டை பார்டர் கடை பரோட்டா, நாட்டுக் கோழி வறுவ ல்
21. மணப்பாறை அரிசி முறுக்கு
22. கீழக்கரை ரொதல்அல்வா
23. திண்டுக்கல் தலப்பாக் கட்டி நாயுடு பிரியாணி
24. பண்ருட்டி முந்திரி சாம்பார்
25. மதுரை ஜிகர்தண்டா மற்றும் பருத்திப்பால்
26. சாயல்குடி கருப்பட்டி காபி
27. பரமக்குடி சிலோன் பரோட்டா, சிக்கன் சால்னா
28. பழனி சித்தநாதன் பஞ்சாமிர்தம்
29. கமுதி மாரியம்மன் பால் பண்ணை லஸ்ஸி
30. ‪#‎புதுக்கோட்டை_முட்டை_மாஸ்‬
31. தூத்துக்குடி மக்ரூன்
32. சௌக்கார் பேட்டை மன்சுக்லால் சேட் டோக்லா மற்றும் கச்சோடி
33. கன்னியாகுமரி தேங்காய் சாதம், மீன் குழம்பு
34. ராமநாதபுரம் கணவாய் கோலா உருண்டை, இறால் ஊறுகாய்
35. ஈழத் தமிழர்கள் சோதி மற்றும் தேங்காய்ப் பால்
36. செட்டிநாடு - ஒவ்வொரு ஊருக்கும் ஏதாவது ஒன்று
சிறப்பா இருக்கும், ஆனா நம்ம ‘செட்டி நாட்டுலே’ மட்டும்தாங்க செய்யிற எல்லா உணவுமே சிறப்பா யிருக்கும்.
அப்படிபட்ட செட்டி நாடு உணவு வகைகளில் சில..
1. குழிப்பணியாரம்
2. வாழைப்பழ தோசை
3. எண்ணெய் கத்தரிக்காய்
4. பால் பணியாரம்
5. பூண்டு வெங்காய குழம்பு
6. ரவா பணியாரம்
7. பால் கொழுக்கட்டை
8. சேமியா கேசரி
9. மோர் குழம்பு
10. நாட்டுகோழி மிளகு வறுவல்
11. இறால் தொக்கு
12. நாட்டுக் கோழி ரசம்
13. நண்டு மசாலா
14. வெண்டைக்காய் புளிக்கறி
15. பருப்பு சூப்
16. ரிப்பன் பக்கோடா
17. பருப்பு உருண்டை குழம்பு
18. குருமா குழம்பு
19. தேன்குழல்
20. கருப்பட்டி பணியாரம்
21. சீயம்
22. மாவுருண்டை
உணவுக்காக, உணவுப் பொருட்களுக்காக போர் புரிந்த கதை எல்லாம் நம்ம ஊரிலே மட்டும் தான் எப்படி நடந்துச்சுனு இப்ப தெரியுதா? அவ்வளவு ஏன்..
கொலம்பஸுகளும் வாஸ்கோடமாக்களும் இந்தியாவை தேடி எதுக்கு அலைஞ்சாங்க?.. இங்கே கொட்டி கிடந்த வேறு எங்குமே கிடைக்காத 'மசாலா' பொருட்களுக்காக மட்டுமேதான்னுங்கிறது நிதர்சமான உண்மை.
"வாழ்க்கையின் ரசனையை உணவில் காணும் சாப்பாட்டு பிரியர்களுக்காக.. இந்த தொகுப்பு சமர்ப்பணம்.

சோமநாதர் ஆலயம் சரித்திரம்,

 

கி.பி. 1001ல் முஹம்மது கஜ்னி என்ற கொள்ளையன் செழிப்பாக இருந்த பாரத தேசத்தை நோக்கி தன் கவனத்தை திருப்பியதுதான் நம் நாட்டின் கொடூர சரித்திரத்திற்கு தொடக்கம். அச்சமயத்தில் பெரும் சக்ரவர்திகள் இல்லாமல் இருந்ததும் ஒரு பெரும் பின்னடைவு. சிற்றரசர்களால் ஆளப்பட்டிருந்த இன்றைய ஆப்கான் பகுதிகள், துருக்கிய கொள்ளைக்காரனுக்கு எளிதான விருந்தாகப் பட்டது. பல தடவை படையெடுத்து அவன் ஜெயபாலா என்ற அரசர் ஆண்டுவந்த இன்றைய பெஷாவர் என்ற பகுதியை பிடித்தான். பின்னர் அருமையான விளைநிலங்களை கொண்ட பஞ்சாப் பகுதிகளை அவன் பிடித்தான்.

அவன் பெரும்பாலும் ஹிந்துக்களின் கோவில்களை குறி வைத்தான். அக்காலங்களில் ஹிந்துக்கள் தனிப்பட்ட முறையில் சொத்துக்களை அதிகமாய் வைத்திருப்பதில்லை. மாறாக கோவில்களுக்கு அவற்றை வழங்கி விடுவார்கள். கோவில்களில் பொக்கிஷங்கள் வைக்கப்பட்டிருந்தன. அரசர்களுக்குள் போர் வந்தாலும் கோவில்களை யாரும் தாக்கும் வழக்கம் இல்லை. ஆனால் முஹம்மது கஜ்னியோ கொள்ளைக்காரன் ஆயிற்றே, அவனுக்கு ஏது தர்ம நெறிகள் ?

வடமேற்கு இந்தியாவின் பல பகுதிகளை அவன் ஊடுறுவி, அழித்து பின் திரும்ப சென்று விடுவான். அவ்வாறு திரும்ப திரும்ப செய்து அவன் ஹிந்துக்கள் மத்தியில் பெரும் பயத்தை உண்டாக்கி இருந்தான். நாகர்கோட், தனேசர், மதுரா, கனௌஜ், கலிஞ்ஜர் மற்றும் சோமநாதபுரியில் அவன் இவ்வாறாக ஊடுறுவி, பேரழிவை உண்டாக்கி விட்டு திரும்பி சென்று விடுவான். செல்லும் போது பலரை அடிமைகளாக பிடித்துக் கொண்டு போய் மதமாற்றி விடுவான். இவ்வாறு முஹம்மதின் ஊடுறுவலால "சிந்தி ஸ்வாரங்கர் சபையை" சேர்ந்த மக்களும் பிற ஹிந்துக்களும் அவனின் மதமாற்றலில் இருந்து தப்பிக்க சிந்து பகுதிகளில் இருந்து வெளியேறினர்.

முஹம்மது கஜ்னி, ஆயிரக்கணக்கான ஹிந்து ஆலயங்களை அழித்தான். அதில் குஜராத்தில், சௌராஷ்ட்ரா பகுதியில் இருந்த‌ சோமநாதர் ஆலயமும் அடக்க‌ம். அந்த கோவில் மிக அற்புதமாய் இருந்த‌து. அதில் 300 இசைக் கலைஞர்கள், 500 நடன மங்கைகள், 300 பக்தர்களுக்கு முடியெடுக்கும் பணியாளர்கள் என பலர் பணி புரிந்தார்கள். அருமையான 56 தேக்கு தூண்களால் அந்த கோவில் நிறுவப்பட்டிருந்தது என்று சரித்திர ஆய்வாளர்கள் கூறுகிறார்கள்.

கி பி 1025ம் ஆண்டு கஜ்னி அதை காத்து நின்ற 50000 மக்களை கொன்றழித்து அதனை அழித்தான். அதை காத்து நின்றவர்களில் 90 வயதான கோக்னா ரானாவும் அடக்கம். முஹம்மது சோமநாதர் ஆலயத்தில் இருந்த லிங்கத்தை உடைத்து அதன் துண்டுகளை மெக்காவிலும் மெதினாவிலும், தன் தர்பாரிலும், க‌ஜ்னி என்ற மசூதி ஆகியவற்றின் வாயில் படிக்கட்டுகளில் பதித்தான். அந்த பேரழிவை நடத்திவிட்டு 61/2 டன் தங்கத்தோடு அவன் நாடு திரும்பினான். இன்றைய வாங்கும் சக்தியோடு ஒப்பிட்டு பார்த்தால் அதன் தற்போதைய மதிப்பு 13 லட்சம் கோடி என்கிறார்கள் பொருளாதார் நிபுண‌ர்கள். அதாவது பத்மநாபர் கோவிலில் கிடைத்த கருவூலத்தை போல் 13 மடங்கு.

ஜகாரியா-அல்-கஜ்வானி எனும் அரேபிய புவி இயல் அறிஞர் சோமநாத ஆலயத்தின் அழிவை பற்றி கூறுகிறார்.

"சோம்நாத நகரம் கடற்கரை ஒரத்தில் அமைந்த நகரம். அந்த கோவிலில் உள்ள அற்புதங்களில் அதன் பிரதான மூர்த்தியான லிங்கம் மிகவும் முக்கியமானது. அந்த லிங்கம் மேலும் கீழும் எந்த வித பிடிப்பும் இல்லாமல் இருந்தது. கோவிலின் மைய பகுதியில் அது இருக்கும். அது காற்றில் அவ்வாறு மிதந்து இருப்பது பார்ப்பவரை அதிசயப்பட வைக்கும். அவர்கள் ஒரு இஸ்லாமியனாக இருந்தாலும் கூட!! ஹிந்துக்கள் அந்த கோவிலுக்கு அம்மாவாசை நாட்களில் தீர்த்த யாத்திரை செல்வார்கள். ஆயிரமாயிரமாய் அங்கு சேர்வார்கள். முஹம்மது அங்கு போர் புரிந்து செல்கையில் அவன் அந்த கோவிலை பிடிப்பதற்கும், அதை அழிப்பதற்கும் மிகவும் சிரமப்பட்டான். எதற்கென்றால் அதை அழிக்கும் பொருட்டு பல ஹிந்துக்களை முஹம்மதியர்களாய் மாற்றக் கூடும் என்பதால். கடைசியில் அவன் ஒருவழியாய் அதை பிடித்து பல ஆயிரம் ஹிந்துக்களை கட்டாயமாக மதம் மாற்றினான். சோமநாதர் ஆலயத்தை அவன் கி.பி. 1025 ஆம் ஆண்டு பிடித்ததும் அந்த லிங்கத்தை வியந்து பார்த்தான். பின்னர் அதை அவனே உடைத்தெறிந்து பின் அதனை எடுத்து வர உத்தரவிட்டான்"

பின்னர் புனரமைக்கப்பட்ட அக்கோவிலை கி.பி. 1296 ஆம் ஆண்டு, சுல்தான் அல்லாவுதின் கில்ஜி அழித்தான். ஆயுதம் இல்லாமல் அதை தடுக்க வந்த 50000 பேர்கள் வாளுக்கு இறையானார்கள். 20 ஆயிரம் பேர் அடிமைகளாக பிடித்து செல்லப்பட்டனர்.

மீண்டும் அக்கோவிலை மஹிபாலா தேவா என்கிற சுதாசம அரசர் கி.பி. 1308ம் ஆண்டு கட்டினார். அதை 1375ம் ஆண்டு மீண்டும் முதலாம் முஜாஃபர் ஷா என்பவன் அழித்தான்.

மிண்டும் அது புனரமைக்கப்பட்டது. கி.பி 1451 ஆம் ஆண்டு மஹ்முத் பெக்தா என்பவனால் மீண்டும் அழிக்கப்பட்டது.

பின்னரும் உயிர்பெற்ற அக்கோவிலை, கடைசியாக கி.பி. 1701 ஆம் ஆண்டு ஔரங்கசீப் என்ற கொடுங்கோலனால் மீண்டும் அழிக்கப்பட்டு, அவ்விடத்தில் அக்கோவிலின் தூண்களை உபயோகப்படுத்தி, ஒரு மசூதி எழுப்பப்பட்டது.

சுதந்திரத்திற்கு பிறகு ஹிந்துக்களின் பெரு முயற்சியால் அக்கோவில்

மீண்டும் எழுந்து நிற்கிறது. ஆனால் அது நமக்கு ஆயிரம் பாடங்களை சொல்லித் தரும் ஒரு பொக்கிஷமாய் உள்ளது. இன்றைக்கு அதன் கோபுரங்கள் உயர்ந்து இருந்தாலும், "எல்லா மதமும் ஒன்றுதான்" என்று கூறும் மூடர்களை கண்டு அது வெட்கத்தால் தலை குனிந்து நின்றுகொண்டிருக்கிறது. சரித்திரத்தின் மிக மோசமான தன்மையே அது மீண்டும் மீண்டும் திரும்புகிறது என்பதுதான் என்று அது நமக்கு ஞாபக படுத்துகிறது. ஒற்றுமையும், அதர்மத்தை தட்டி கேட்கும் தன்மையும் நம்மில் அழிந்துவிட்டதை அது உலகிற்கு பரைசாற்றுகிறது.

கிறித்தவ மதத்தை ஏன் இலங்கையிலும், இந்தியாவிலும் பரப்புகிறார்கள் ?

                உண்மையான உலக வரலாற்றை 2000 ஆண்டுகளுக்கு முன்னர் வரை புரட்டிப் பார்ப்போமேயானால், பல உண்மைகள் நமக்கு புலப்படும். கிறித்தவர்களும் முசுலீம்களும் வரலாற்றுப்படி சொந்தக்காரர்களாக இருந்தாலும் இவர்களுக்குள் தீராத பகை ஈராயிரம் ஆண்டுகளாக உள்ளது உலக நடப்பைப் பார்க்கும் போதே உங்களுக்கு புலப்படும். சண்டை சண்டை சண்டை என்றே இவர்கள் சண்டை போட்டு கொன்று குவித்த மக்கள் பல்லாயிரம் கோடி. சிலுவைப்போர் என்ற பெயரில் நடந்த போர்களும் அதனால் செத்து மடிந்த பல்லாயிரம் கோடி மக்களுமே இதற்கு சாட்சி. சிலுவைப் போரைப் பற்றி இணையத்தில் எண்ணற்ற தகவல்கள் உள்ளன. படித்து அறிந்து கொள்ளுங்கள்.
 
உலகில் ஐரோப்பியர்களின் ஆதிக்க வெறியும் இனவெறியும் இந்த பூமியை சவக்குழியாக்கியிருக்கிறது என்றால் அது மிகையாகாது. இவர்களின் ஆதிக்க வெறியின் இலக்காகவே பாரத தேசமும் கடந்த பல நூற்றாண்டுகளாக பல இன்னல்களை சந்தித்து பல வளங்களையும் கொள்ளையடிக்கப்பட்டு இழந்தது. இந்த இன்னல்களை பற்றி நன்றாகவே வரலாற்று பாடத்தில் படித்திருப்பீர்கள். வியாபாரம் செய்வதற்காக வந்தவர்கள் நம் வந்தாரை வாழவைக்கும் குணத்தை பயன்படுத்திக் கொண்டு நம்மை அடிமையாக்கி வெறும் பத்தாயிரம் ஆங்கிலேயர்கள் முப்பது கோடி மக்களை அடிமைப்படுத்தி ஆட்சி செய்து நம் வளத்தை சுரண்டி சென்றனர். இவர்களுக்கு முசுலீம்களுடனான பகை தொடர்ந்து வந்து கொண்டே இருந்திருக்கிறது. இந்த பூமி இருக்கும் வரை இது தீராது. எத்தனை ஒபாமாக்களும் பின்லேடன் வந்தாலும் இது தொடர்ந்து கொண்டே இருக்கும். இவர்களின் பகையில் மாட்டிக் கொண்டது அப்பாவி இந்து மதத்தினரும், புத்த மதத்தினரும் தான்.
 
இவர்கள் தங்கள் ஆதிக்க வெறியை உலகில் ஏவிட, இருவரும் வேறு வேறு வழி முறைகளை பயன்படுத்துகின்றனர். இருபுறமும் இருக்கும் தங்கள் மக்கள் தொகையை பெருக்கிட பல வழிகளை கண்டனர். முசுலீம்கள் எத்தனை குழந்தைகள் வேண்டுமானாலும் பெற்றுக் கொள்ளலாம் என்ற யோசனையில் திட்டம் தீட்டி, சட்டம் அமைத்து தங்கள் மக்கள் தொகையை பெருக்கி வருகின்றனர். ஆனால், பொருளாதாரம் என்ற பெயரில் வாழ்வதையே கடினமாக்கிவிட்ட கிறிஸ்தவர்களோ, அந்த மக்கள் பெருக்க வழியில் செல்ல முடியாததால், உலகில் மீதமிருக்கும் இந்து மதத்தினரையும் புத்த மதத்தினரையும் குறி வைத்து அவர்களை கிறிஸ்தவர்களாக்க கங்கணம் கட்டிக்கொண்டு வருகிறார்கள்.
 
ஐரோப்பியர்களின் இனவெறியும் ஆதிக்க வெறியுமே கிறிஸ்தவ மதமாற்றத்திற்கு மூல காரணம். இதற்காக, இவர்கள் வெளிநாடுகளில் இருக்கும் சர்ச்சுகளில் மாதங்தோறும் பணம் வசூல் செய்து இலங்கை, இந்திய சர்ச்சுக்களுக்கு அனுப்பி இந்த மதமாற்ற வேலைகளில் ஈடுபடுகின்றனர். இலங்கை, இந்தியாவில் உள்ள பெரும்பாலான சர்ச்சுக்கள் ஒவ்வொன்றும் வெளிநாட்டு சர்ச்சுகளுடன் தொடர்புடையவை. வெளிநாட்டினரே நம் நாட்டிற்குள் வேற்றுமையை உண்டாக்கி நம் அமைதிக்கு பங்கம் வர வழிவகுக்கின்றனர்

Kashmiri Pandits Minorities In Our Country.

 

After years of helplessness, struggle, apathy, neglect, protests, petitions and tears, finally the voice of the Kashmiri Pandits is being heard. It is a result of a lifetime of prayers answered for a tiny community that has been languishing in despair and hopelessness.

In his inaugural address to the joint session of Parliament, President Pranab Mukherjee said special attempts will be made to ensure that Kashmiri Pandits return to the land of their ancestors with full dignity, security and assured livelihood. This was the first time since the shameful exodus of the Kashmiri Pandits in 1990 that their return and rehabilitation was mentioned by the highest offices of power in the country. Ever since, there is a re-rekindling of hope in the community, which has been pining for a home for more than two decades now. Strife and struggle aren’t new to the Hindus of Kashmir, who over centuries of suppression have been reduced to a micro-minority in their own land. The 1990 exodus is their seventh known exodus.They have been subjected to ethic cleansing while the whole country watched silently. They were seen as ‘agents’ of the government of India, symbols of Hindu India that needed to be wiped out.

Over the years, what has pained the community more than the loss of their homeland is complete apathy by the governments in power. Any time the Kashmir issue was discussed, separatists, terrorists and secessionists were invited, but the Pandits had no voice, and if any of them spoke, it was ignored.

So far, there is no consensus even on the reasons that lead to the exodus.The liberal narrative, which has taken its cue from the Jihadi narrative emanating from the valley, still believes the Pandits left on their own volition and there was no threat to their lives, their women and their property. That the then governor of Jammu and Kashmir, Jagmohan, coaxed and coached the Pandits to leave is still the dominant narrative. The Pandits have actually been mauled and butchered in their own homeland. There all have unbearably painful stories of murders, rapes, and torture to tell.

"I was 20 years old when terrorists of Jammu and Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF) killed my father in broad daylight... The memories of the incident and the sight of the bullet-ridden body of my father still sends chills down my spine," says Ashutosh Taploo, son of Tika Lal, who was the first person from the community to have been killed by terrorists.

"I was only ten when terrorists blew off our house in Ashmuji village of Kulgam district and shot at my father and grandfather from a point-blank range. It would be impossible for me and my family to return to our native place and live amongst the people who had facilitated the killing of my father and grandfather," says 35-year-old Sandeep Kaul.

No Pandit will ever feel safe in the Kashmir valley unless those who killed them, raped them, maimed them, and burnt their homes are made to face court of law. What happened in 1990 was a crime against humanity. Those who perpetrated the violence are roaming free on the roads of Kashmir. No one has been punished, no convictions have been made, no cases have ever been registered or pursued against the murderers. Justice must be brought against those who were actively involved in killings. No Pandit will feel safe in his own home while the murderers roam freely in the valley.

Now, after years of hardship, finally, when there is talk of return to the valley, all the community asks for is a composite township where the people who had to migrate, can live under a safe and secure environment. Such a township is much needed as Kashmir Valley continues to remain in the grip of terrorism. Apart from providing the much-needed security to the community the township would help preserve their culture and tradition. The separatist groups of the Valley have been protesting against such a township. It is viewed as a conspiracy by many so that the Pandits do not return to their homeland.

We as a nation have failed our Kashmiri Pandit brothers and sisters earlier, but this time, we have to stand by them, to ensure that they are protected and get their right to live in dignity and peace without fearing for their lives, like the rest of the minorities in our country. 

Thaks to ShankhNaad

Greenpeace's Hidden Agenda

NGO Greenpeace's hidden agenda and how it is hurting our nation

Greenpeace is a Non Government Organization (NGO), with offices in over forty countries and with an international coordinating body in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. It states that its goal is to "ensure the ability of the Earth to nurture life in all its diversity" and it uses direct action, lobbying, and research to achieve its goals.

On the face of it, it appears as though the organization is working for the environment, however, when we dig a little below the surface, we find a whole lot of dirt underneath. Throughout its history, the policies and objectives of the non-governmental organization Greenpeace have been criticized by a number of groups,including national governments, members of industry, former Greenpeace members, scientists, and political groups. The organization's methods, such as the use of direct action, have also led to controversy. The organization has a dubious reputation world over for stalling developmental projects and hurting economies of several nations. In India, several irregularities have been found in their accounts.

Lets take a look at what the NGO is doing to Indian tea industry


Greenpeace is trying to hurt the Indian tea industry, which employs 35 lakh workers and earned USD 644 million from exports last year, by projecting abroad that homegrown leaves of the beverage have hazardous pesticides.The NGO has published a research paper titled 'Trouble Brewing on Indian Tea' where it has claimed that the beverage has hazardous pesticides in leading Indian tea brands, all of which are exported in large quantities to the US, UK and Europe," the report said.


The Tea Board of India has disagreed with the above findings and sees it as an attempt to impact Indian tea exports. The anti-tea Greenpeace campaign is similar to the one against Chinese tea companies. "In April 2012, Greenpeace had published a similar questionable report 'Hidden Ingredients in Chinese Tea' which had claimed to have found 29 different pesticides in 18 tea samples. It has also decided to target other commonly consumed goods such as rice, wheat etc. and highlight the abuse of pesticides in these sectors"

India is one of the world's leading producers of tea. The tea produced in the country is considered among the finest in the world. The main tea growing regions are the northeast, including Assam, the Darjeeling district and the Dooars region of North Bengal, and the Nilgiris in South India.Tea industry is also India's second-largest employer with over 35 lakh workers employed in over 1,500 tea estates. A total of 1,185 million kgs of tea were produced in India in 2014. India exported tea to different countries valued overall at around USD 643.75 million in 2014. Russia, the US, the UK, the UAE, Iran, Kazakhstan, Pakistan, Germany, Australia, Japan, the Netherlands, Ireland and Poland are some of the major global markets for exports of Indian tea.

The Home Ministry has already barred the NGO from receiving foreign funds by suspending its licence for six months and froze all its accounts.Greenpeace is trying to prejudicial affect India's public and economic interests. Are they really into genuine activism or have a hidden agenda ? These are things our government needs to investigate and we as a nation need to ponder over.

Dr.அம்பேத்கர்

அண்ணலும் மொழிப்புலமையும்.

அண்ணலுக்கு மராத்தியம்,பாலி, ஹிந்தி, சமஸ்கிருதம், உருது, ஆங்கிலம், ஜெர்மன்,பெரிசியன் உள்ளிட்ட பல்மொழிகளும் சிறப்பாக அறிந்தவர். ஆனால் அவர் சமஸ்கிருத மொழியில் பெற்ற புலமை ஒரு போராட்ட வடிவமாகும். இளமையில் கல்வி கற்கும் போது தீண்டப்படாத சமூகமாக பார்க்கப்பட்ட மகார் இனப் பிள்ளையாதலால் அவருக்கு சமஸ்கிருதம் மறுக்கப்பட்டது. பிறகு அவரே அதை தீவிரமாகக் கற்று எது மறுக்கப்பட்டதோ அதிலேயே உயர்நிலையை அடைந்து போராட்டக்களமாக ஆக்கி வென்றார்.

அண்ணலின் சமஸ்கிருத புலமைக்கு ஓர் எடுத்துக்காட்டுச் சம்பவம் இது. பாராளுமன்றத்தில் மொழிகள் குறித்த விவாதத்தில் அண்ணல் பேசிக்கொண்டிருந்தார். அப்போது சமஸ்கிருதத்தைப்பற்றி பேசினார். சமஸ்கிருதம் இந்திய சிறந்த மொழிகளில் முக்கியமானது என்று அவர்கூறியதும் அண்ணலின் சம்ஸ்கிருத அறிவை சோதிக்கும் வகையில் நாடாளுமன்ற உறுப்பினரும், சமஸ்கிருத அறிஞருமான பேராசிரியர் மித்ரா சமஸ்கிருதத்தில் ஒரு கேள்வியை அண்ணலிடம் கேட்டார். அண்ணல் அதற்கான பதிலை சம்ஸ்கிருதத்திலேயே கூறினார். இருவருக்குமான விவாதம் சுமார் ஒரு மணிநேரம் நடந்தது. இருவருமே சமஸ்கிருதத்திலேயே பேசினார்கள். அண்ணல் அசராமல் சமஸ்கிருதத்தில் பேச, "டாக்டர் அம்பேத்கர் நீங்கள் சமஸ்கிருதத்தில் வித்வான் என்பதை ஒப்புக்கொள்கிறேன்" என்றார் பேராசிரியர் மித்ரா.

"சமஸ்கிருதம் ஓர் அறிவுச்சுரங்கம். இலக்கியப்பெட்டகம்.பிராமணர்கள் இதை சரியாகக் கற்பதுமில்லை;மற்றவர்களை கற்க அனுமதிப்பதுமில்லை" என்றார் அண்ணல்.

Terrorist, Insurgent & Extremist Groups In India

Assam

1. United Liberation Front of Asom (ULFA)

2. National Democratic Front of Bodoland (NDFB)

3. United People's Democratic Solidarity (UPDS)

4. Kamtapur Liberation Organisation (KLO)

5. Bodo Liberation Tiger Force (BLTF)

6. Dima Halim Daogah (DHD)

7. Karbi National Volunteers (KNV)

8. Rabha National Security Force (RNSF)

9. Koch-Rajbongshi Liberation Organisation (KRLO)

10. Hmar People's Convention- Democracy (HPC-D)

11. Karbi People's Front (KPF)

12. Tiwa National Revolutionary Force (TNRF)

13. Bircha Commando Force (BCF)

14. Bengali Tiger Force (BTF)

15. Adivasi Security Force (ASF)

16. All Assam Adivasi Suraksha Samiti (AAASS)

17. Gorkha Tiger Force (GTF)

18. Barak Valley Youth Liberation Front (BVYLF)

19. Muslim United Liberation Tigers of Assam (MULTA)

20. United Liberation Front of Barak Valley

21. Muslim United Liberation Front of Assam (MULFA)

22. Muslim Security Council of Assam (MSCA)

23. United Liberation Militia of Assam (ULMA)

24. Islamic Liberation Army of Assam (ILAA)

25. Muslim Volunteer Force (MVF)

26. Muslim Liberation Army (MLA)

27. Muslim Security Force (MSF)

28. Islamic Sevak Sangh (ISS)

29. Islamic United Reformation Protest of India (IURPI)

30. United Muslim Liberation Front of Assam (UMLFA)

31. Revolutionary Muslim Commandos (RMC)

32. Muslim Tiger Force (MTF)

33. People’s United Liberation Front (PULF)

34. Adam Sena (AS)

35. Harkat-ul-Mujahideen

36. Harkat-ul-Jehad

Jammu & Kashmir

Terrorist Outfits

1. Lashkar-e-Omar (LeO)

2. Hizb-ul-Mujahideen (HM)

3. Harkat-ul-Ansar (HuA, presently known as Harkat-ul Mujahideen)

4. Lashkar-e-Toiba (LeT)

5. Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM)

6. Harkat-ul Mujahideen (HuM, previously known as Harkat-ul-Ansar)

7. Al Badr

8. Jamait-ul-Mujahideen (JuM)

9. Lashkar-e-Jabbar (LeJ)

10. Harkat-ul-Jehad-i-Islami

11. Al Barq

12. Tehrik-ul-Mujahideen

13. Al Jehad

14. Jammu & Kashir National Liberation Army

15. People’s League

16. Muslim Janbaz Force

17. Kashmir Jehad Force

18. Al Jehad Force (combines Muslim Janbaz Force and Kashmir Jehad Force)

19. Al Umar Mujahideen

20. Mahaz-e-Azadi

21. Islami Jamaat-e-Tulba

22. Jammu & Kashmir Students Liberation Front

23. Ikhwan-ul-Mujahideen

24. Islamic Students League

25. Tehrik-e-Hurriat-e-Kashmir

26. Tehrik-e-Nifaz-e-Fiqar Jafaria

27. Al Mustafa Liberation Fighters

28. Tehrik-e-Jehad-e-Islami

29. Muslim Mujahideen

30. Al Mujahid Force

31. Tehrik-e-Jehad

32. Islami Inquilabi Mahaz

Other Extremist and Secessionist Groups

1. Mutahida Jehad Council (MJC) -- A Pakistan based coordination body of terrorist outfits active in Jammu and Kashmir

2. Jammu & Kashmir Liberation Front (JKLF)-- The dominant faction of this outfit declared a ceasefire in 1994 which still holds and the outfit restricts itself to a political struggle.

3. All Parties Hurriyat Conference (APHC) -- an alliance engineered by Pakistan's Inter Services Intelligence (ISI) of 26 diverse political and socio-religious outfits amalgamated to provide a political face for the terrorists in the State.

4. Dukhtaran-e-Millat (DeM) -- an outfit run by women which uses community pressure to further the social norms dictated by Islamic fundamental groups.

Manipur

1. United National Liberation Front (UNLF)

2. People’s Liberation Army (PLA)

3. People’s Revolutionary Party of Kangleipak (PREPAK)

The above mentioned three groups now operate from a unified platform,

the Manipur People’s Liberation Front (MPLF)

4. Kangleipak Communist Party (KCP)

5. Kanglei Yawol Kanna Lup (KYKL)

6. Manipur Liberation Tiger Army (MLTA)

7. Iripak Kanba Lup (IKL)

8. People’s Republican Army (PRA)

9. Kangleipak Kanba Kanglup (KKK)

10. Kangleipak Liberation Organisation (KLO)

11. Revolutionary Joint Committee (RJC)

12. National Socialist Council of Nagaland -- Isak-Muivah (NSCN-IM)

13. People’s United Liberation Front (PULF)

14. North East Minority Front (NEMF)

15. Islamic National Front (INF)

16. Islamic Revolutionary Front (IRF)

17. United Islamic Liberation Army (UILA)

18. United Islamic Revolutionary Army (UIRA)

19. Kuki National Front (KNF)

20. Kuki National Army (KNA)

21. Kuki Revolutionary Army (KRA)

22. Kuki National Organisation (KNO)

23. Kuki Independent Army (KIA)

24. Kuki Defence Force (KDF)

25. Kuki International Force (KIF)

26. Kuki National Volunteers (KNV)

27. Kuki Liberation Front (KLF)

28. Kuki Security Force (KSF)

29. Kuki Liberation Army (KLA)

30. Kuki Revolutionary Front (KRF)

31. United Kuki Liberation Front (UKLF)

32. Hmar People’s Convention (HPC)

33. Hmar People's Convention- Democracy (HPC-D)

34. Hmar Revolutionary Front (HRF)

35. Zomi Revolutionary Army (ZRA)

36. Zomi Revolutionary Volunteers (ZRV)

37. Indigenous People's Revolutionary Alliance(IRPA)

38. Kom Rem People's Convention (KRPC)

39. Chin Kuki Revolutionary Front (CKRF)

Meghalaya

1. Hynniewtrep National Liberation Council (HNLC)

2. Achik National Volunteer Council (ANVC)

3. Garo National Liberation Army (GNLA)

4. Liberation of Achik Elite Force (LAEF)

4. People’s Liberation Front of Meghalaya (PLF-M)

5. Hajong United Liberation Army (HULA)

Nagaland

1. National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Isak-Muivah) – NSCN(IM)

2. National Socialist Council of Nagaland (Khaplang) – NSCN (K)

3. Naga National Council (Adino) – NNC (Adino)

Punjab

1. Babbar Khalsa International (BKI)

2. Khalistan Zindabad Force (KZF)

3. International Sikh Youth Federation (ISYF)

4. Khalistan Commando Force (KCF)

5. All-India Sikh Students Federation (AISSF)

6. Bhindrawala Tigers Force of Khalistan (BTFK)

7. Khalistan Liberation Army (KLA)

8. Khalistan Liberation Front (KLF)

9. Khalistan Armed Force (KAF)

10. Dashmesh Regiment

11. Khalistan Liberation Organisation (KLO)

12. Khalistan National Army (KNA)

Tripura

1. National Liberation Front of Tripura (NLFT)

2. All Tripura Tiger Force (ATTF)

3. Tripura Liberation Organisation Front (TLOF)

4. United Bengali Liberation Front (UBLF)

5. Tripura Tribal Volunteer Force (TTVF)

6. Tripura Armed Tribal Commando Force (TATCF)

7. Tripura Tribal Democratic Force (TTDF)

8. Tripura Tribal Youth Force (TTYF)

9. Tripura Liberation Force (TLF)

10. Tripura Defence Force (TDF)

11. All Tripura Volunteer Force (ATVF)

12. Tribal Commando Force (TCF)

13. Tripura Tribal Youth Force (TTYF)

14. All Tripura Bharat Suraksha Force (ATBSF)

15. Tripura Tribal Action Committee Force (TTACF)

16. Socialist Democratic Front of Tripura (SDFT)

17. All Tripura National Force (ATNF)

18. Tripura Tribal Sengkrak Force (TTSF)

19. Tiger Commando Force (TCF)

20. Tripura Mukti Police (TMP)

21. Tripura Rajya Raksha Bahini (TRRB)

22. Tripura State Volunteers (TSV)

23. Tripura National Democratic Tribal Force (TNDTF)

24. National Militia of Tripura (NMT)

25. All Tripura Bengali Regiment (ATBR)

26. Bangla Mukti Sena (BMS)

27. All Tripura Liberation Organisation (ATLO)

28. Tripura National Army (TNA)

29. Tripura State Volunteers (TSV)

30. Borok National Council of Tripura (BNCT)

Mizoram

1. Bru National Liberation Front

2. Hmar People's Convention- Democracy (HPC-D)

Arunachal Pradesh

1. Arunachal Dragon Force (ADF)

Left-wing Extremist groups

1. Communist Party of India-Maoist (CPI-Maoist)

2. People's War Group

3. Maoist Communist Centre

4. People's Guerrilla Army

5. Communist Party of India-Marxist Leninist-Janashakti(CPI-ML-Janashakti)

6. Tritiya Prastuti Committee (TPC)

Other Extremist Groups

1. Tamil National Retrieval Troops (TNRT)

2. Akhil Bharat Nepali Ekta Samaj (ABNES)

3. Tamil Nadu Liberation Army (TNLA)

4. Deendar Anjuman

5. Students Islamic Movement of India (SIMI)

6. Asif Reza Commando Force

7. Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE)

8. Kamatapur Liberation Organisation (KLO)

9. Ranvir Sena

Who is Sri Raama ??? And why we relate his name to Nationality ???

Raama!!! The essence of Sri Raama was indulged in every gene of Indians.His name was an epitome of Chastity and a symbol of Righteousness.His life was an example of Highest Human living
A Guru needs a disciple like him who even ready to sacrifice his life to establish Dharma.
A Father needs a Son like him who even goes to hell to keep on his word.
A Wife need a Husband like him who even leaves all his worldly pleasures to save her.
An Offspring needs a Brother like him who used to be a Spine&Guides all his life with eternal care & love.
A Society needs a Administrator like him who looks after the welfare of each&every being in his province.
At last !!! A Nation needs a King like him with profound Patriotism who says
"Janani Janmabhoomischa Swargadapi Gariyasi" which intend means "Mother and motherland are superior than Heaven."

Destruction of Hindu Temples

            For those who don’t believe or do not know of the amount of destruction that took place in India at the hands of the Muslim invaders and Islamic rulers who established themselves in parts of India, we can review the Islamic chronicles of the deeds of these rulers of the day, as written by the Muslim contemporary writers or historians. So what follows is a review of some of the books and their authors who recorded the histories of the Islamic rulers, and quotes from some of the descriptions within them about the cities they attacked and the temples they destroyed. It really shows how demoniac and cruel these rulers were.

      

    The evidence of destruction of thousands of Hindu temples can be primarily found from two different sources:

        

    1. Literary Evidence from the work of renowned Islamic historians

            2. Epigraphic Evidence from the inscriptions on numerous Mosques all over India.

            This article deals with only the literary evidence.

            

 Hundreds of Muslim historians have glorified the deeds of their Muslim heroes all over India.  This by no means is an exhaustive list! To learn more about this, please read both volumes of, Hindu Temples: What Happened To Them? by Sita Ram Goel.

           

 There is elaborate literary evidence from the Islamic sources which glorify the crimes committed by the Muslims in India. Crimes such as the desecration of the Hindu idols, looting of the temples, killing devotees and raping have been well documented by the Muslim historians themselves. They have done so because according to them these Muslim rulers by doing such deeds were following the tenets of Islam and Sunnah of the prophet Mohammed. The literary evidence stated below is in chronological order with reference to the time at which a particular work was written.

     

     1. Name Of The Book: Hindustan Islami Ahad Mein (India under Islamic Rule)

          Name Of The Historian: Maulana Abdul Hai.

          About The Author: He is a highly respected scholar and taken as an authority on Islamic history. Because of his scholarship and his services to Islam, Maulana Abdul Hai was appointed as the Rector of the Darul Nadwa Ullum Nadwatal-Ulama. He continued in that post till his death in February 1923.

          The following section is taken from the chapter Hindustan ki Masjidein (The mosques of India) of the above mentioned book. Here we can see a brief description of few important mosques in India and how each one of them was built upon plundered Hindu temples.

              a. Qawwat al-Islam Mosque at Delhi: "According to my findings the first mosque of Delhi is Qubbat al-Islam or Quwwat al-Islam which, Qutubud-Din Aibak constructed in H. 587 after demolishing the Hindu temple built by Prithvi Raj and leaving certain parts of the temple outside the mosque proper; and when he returned from Ghazni in H. 592 he started building, under orders from Shihabud-Din Ghori, a huge mosque of inimitable red stones, and certain parts of the temple were included in the mosque..."

              b. The Mosque at Jaunpur: "This was built by Sultan Ibrahim Sharqi with chiseled stones. Originally it was a Hindu temple after demolishing which he constructed the mosque. It is known as the Atala Masjid."

              c. The Mosque at Qanauj: "It is well known that this mosque was built on the foundations of some Hindu temple that stood here. The mosque was built by Ibrahim Sharqi in H. 809 as is recorded in Gharbat Nigar."

              d. Jami Masjid at Etwah: "This mosque stands on the bank of the Jamuna at Etawah. There was a Hindu temple at this place, on the site of which this mosque was constructed. ."

              e. Babri Masjid at Ayodhya: "This mosque was constructed by Babar at Ayodhya which Hindus call the birth place of Ramchandraji... Sita had a temple here in which she lived and cooked for her husband. On that very site Babar constructed this mosque in H.963 "

              f. Mosque at Benaras: "Mosque of Benares was built by Alamgir Aurangzeb on the site of Bisheshwar Temple. That temple was very tall and held as holy among Hindus. On this very site and with those very stones he constructed a lofty mosque, and its ancient stones were rearranged after being embedded in the walls of the mosque. It is one of the renowned mosques of Hindustan."

       

       g. Mosque at Mathura: "Alamgir Aurangzeb built a mosque at Mathura. This mosque was built on site of the Govind Dev Temple which was very strong and beautiful as well as exquisite."

            2. Name Of The Book: Futuhu'l-Buldan

            Name Of The Historian: Ahmed bin Yahya bin Jabir

            About The Author: This author is also known as al-Biladhuri. He lived at the court of Khalifa Al-Mutawakkal (AD 847-861) and died in AD 893. His history is one of the major Arab chronicles.

       

     The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

              a. Ibn Samurah (AD 653)

              Siestan (Iran)

           

   "On reaching Dawar, he surrounded the enemy in the mountain of Zur, where there was a famous Hindu temple." "...Their idol of Zur was of gold, and its eyes were two rubies. The zealous Musalmans cut off its hands and plucked out its eyes, and then remarked to the Marzaban how powerless was his idol..."

              b. Qutaibah bin Muslim al-Bahili (AD 705-715)

              Samarkand (Farghana)

         

     "Other authorities say that Kutaibah granted peace for 700,000 dirhams and entertainment for the Moslems for three days. The terms of surrender included also the houses of the idols and the fire temples. The idols were thrown out, plundered of their ornaments and burned..."

              c. Mohammed bin Qasim (AD 712-715)

              Debal (Sindh)

       

       "...The town was thus taken by assault, and the carnage endured for three days. The governor of the town, appointed by Dahir, fled and the priests of the temple were massacred. Muhammad marked a place for the Musalmans to dwell in, built a mosque, and left 4,000 Musalmans to garrison the place..."

        

      "...Ambissa son of Ishak Az Zabbi, the governor of Sindh, in the Khilafat of Mu'tasim billah knocked down the upper part of the minaret of the temple and converted it into a prison..."

              Multan (Punjab)

          

    "...He then crossed the Biyas, and went towards Multan...Muhammad destroyed the water-course; upon which the inhabitants, oppressed with thirst, surrendered at discretion. He massacred the men capable of bearing arms, but the children were taken captive, as well as ministers of the temple, to the number of 6,000. The Musalmans found there much gold in a chamber ten cubits long by eight broad..."

              d. Hasham bin 'Amru al-Taghlabi

              Khandahar (Maharashtra)

           

   "He then went to Khandahar in boats and conquered it. He destroyed the Budd (idol) there, and built in its place a mosque."

            3. Name Of The Book: Tarikh-i-Tabari

            Name Of The Historian: Abu Ja'far Muhammad bin Jarir at-Tabari

            About The Author: This author is considered to be the foremost historian of Islam. The above mentioned book written by him is regarded as the mother of histories.

          

  The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

              a. Qutaibah bin Muslim al-Bahili (AD 705-715)

              Beykund (Khurasan)

           

   "The ultimate capture of Beykund (in AD 706) rewarded him with an incalculable booty; even more than had hitherto fallen into the hands of the Mohammedans by the conquest of the entire province of Khorassaun; and the unfortunate merchants of the town, having been absent on a trading excursion while their country was assailed by the enemy, and finding their habitations desolate on their return contributed further to enrich the invaders, by the ransom which they paid for the recovery of their wives and children. The ornaments alone, of which these women had been plundered, being melted down, produce, in gold, 150,000 meskals; of a dram and a half each. Among the articles of the booty, is also described an image of gold, of 50,000 meskals, of which the eyes were two pearls, the exquisite beauty and magnitude of which excited the surprise and admiration of Kateibah. They were transmitted by him, with a fifth of the spoil to Hejauje, together with a request that he might be permitted to distribute, to the troops, the arms which had been found in the palace in great profusion."

              Samarkand (Farghana)

              "A breach was, however, at last effected in the walls of the city in AD 712 by the warlike machines of Kateibah; and some of the most daring of its defenders having fallen by the skill of his archers, the besieged demanded a cessation of arms to the following day, when they promised to capitulate. The request was acceded to the Kateibah; and a treaty was the next day accordingly concluded between him and the prince of Samarkand, by which the latter engaged for the annual payment of ten million of dhirems, and a supply of three thousand slaves; of whom it was particularly stipulated, that none should either be in a state of infancy, or ineffective from old age and debility. He further contracted that the ministers of his religion should be expelled from their temples and their idols destroyed and burnt; that Kateibah should be allowed to establish a mosque in the place of the principal temple...."

           

   "...Kateibah accordingly set set fire to the whole collection with his own hands; it was soon consumed to ashes, and 50,000 meskals of gold and silver, collected from the nails which had been used in the workmanship of the images."

              b.. Yaqub bin Laith (AD 870-871)

              Balkh and Kabul (Afghanistan)

         

     "He took Bamian, which he probably reached by way of Herat, and then marched on Balkh where he ruined (the temple) Naushad. On his way back from Balkh he attacked Kabul..."

            

     "Starting from Panjhir, the place he is known to have visited, he must have passed through the capital city of the Hindu Sahis to rob the sacred temple -- the reputed place of coronation of the Sahi rulers -- of its sculptural wealth..."

             

    "The exact details of the spoil collected from Kabul valley are lacking. The Tarikh [-i-Sistan] records 50 idols of gold and silver and Mas'udi mentions elephants. The wonder excited in Baghdad by baghdad by elephants and pagan idols forwarded to the Caliph by Ya'qub also speaks for their high value."

            4. Name Of The Book: Tarikhu'l-Hind

            Name Of The Historian: Abu Rihan Muhammad bin Ahmad al-Biruni al-Khwarizmi.

            About The Author: This author spent 40 years in India during the reign of Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (AD 997 - 1030). His history treats of the literature and learning of the Hindus at the commencement of the 11th century.

          

  The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

              a. Jalam ibn Shaiban (9th century AD)

              Multan (Punjab)

            

 "A famous idol of theirs was that of Multan, dedicated to the sun, and therefore called Aditya. It was of wood and covered with red Cordovan leather; in its two eyes were two red rubies. It is said to have been made in the last Kritayuga .....When Muhammad Ibn Alkasim Ibn Almunaibh conquered Multan, he inquired how the town had become so very flourishing and so many treasures had there been accumulated, and then he found out that this idol was the cause, for there came pilgrims from all sides to visit it. Therefore he thought it best to have the idol where it was, but he hung a piece of cow's flesh on its neck by way of mockery. On the same place a mosque was built. When the Karmatians occupied Multan, Jalam Ibn Shaiban, the usurper, broke the idol into pieces and killed its priests..."

              b. Sultan Mahmud of Gazni (AD 997-1030)

              Thanesar (Haryana)

             

 "The city of Taneshar is highly venerated by Hindus. The idol of that place is called Cakrasvamin, i.e. the owner of the chakra, a weapon which we have already described. It is of bronze, and is nearly the size of a man. It is now lying in the hippodrome in Ghazna, together with the Lord of Somnath, which is a representation of the penis of the Mahadeva, called Linga."

              Somnath (Gujrat)

              

"The linga he raised was the stone of Somnath, for soma means the moon and natan means master, so that the whole word means master of the moon. The image was destroyed by the Prince Mahmud, may God be merciful to him! --AH 416. He ordered the upper part to be broken and the remainder to be transported to his residence, Ghaznin, with all its coverings and trappings of gold, jewels, and embroidered garments. Part of it has been thrown into the hippodrome of the town, together with Cakrasvamin, an idol of bronze, that had been brought from Taneshar. Another part of the idol from Somnath lies before the door of the mosque of Ghaznin, on which people rub their feet to clean them from dirt and wet."

            5. Name Of The Book: Kitabu'l-Yamini

            Name Of The Historian: Abu Nasr Muhammad ibn Muhammad al Jabbaru'l-Utbi.

            About The Author: This author's work comprises the whole of the reign of Subuktigin and that of Sultan Mahmud down to the year AD 1020.

         

   The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

              a. Amir Sbuktigin Of Ghazni

              Lamghan (Afghanistan)

          

    "The Amir marched out towards Lamghan, which is a city celebrated for its great strength and abounding wealth. He conquered it and set fire to the places in its vicinity which were inhabited by infidels, and demolishing idol temples, he established Islam in them. He marched and captured other cities and killed the polluted wretches, destroying the idolaters and gratifying the Musulmans."

              b. Sultan Mahmud of Ghazni (AD 997-1030)

          

    Narain (Rajasthan)

         

    "The Sultan again resolved on an expedition to Hind, and marched towards Narain, urging his horses and moving over ground, hard and soft, until he came to the middle of Hind, where he reduced chiefs, who, up to that time obeyed no master, overturned their idols, put to the sword the vagabonds of that country, and with delay and circumspection proceeded to accomplish his design..."

              Nardin (Punjab)

          

    "After the Sultan had purified Hind from idolatry, and raised mosques therein, he determined to invade the capital of Hind to punish those who kept idols and would not acknowledge the unity of God...He marched with a large army in the year AH 404 (AD 1013) during a dark night..."

           

   "A stone was found there in the temple of the great Budda on which an inscription was written purporting that the temple had been founded 50,000 years ago. The Sultan was surprised at the ignorance of these people, because those who believe in the true faith represent that only seven hundred years have elapsed since the creation of the world, and the signs of resurrection are even now approaching. The Sultan asked his wise men the meaning of this inscription and they all concurred in saying that it was false, and no faith was to be put in the evidence of a stone."

              Thanesar (Haryana)

            

  "The chief of Tanesar was...obstinate in his infidelity and denial of God. So the Sultan marched against him with his valiant warriors, for the purpose of planting the standards of Islam and extirpating idolatry.."

           

   "The blood of the infidels flowed so copiously, that the stream was discoloured, not withstanding its purity, and people were unable to drink it...The victory gained by God's grace, who has established Islam for ever as the best religions, notwithstanding that idolaters revolt against it...Praise be to God, the protector of the world, for the honour he bestows upon Islam and Musulmans."

              Mathura (Uttar Pradesh)

            

  "The Sultan then departed from the environs of the city, in which was a temple of the Hindus. The name of this place was Mahartul Hind... On both sides of the city there were a thousand houses, to which idol temples were attached, all strengthened from top to bottom by rivets of iron, and all made of masonry work..."

           

   "In the middle of the city there was a temple larger and firmer than the rest, which can neither be described nor painted. The Sultan thus wrote respecting it: --'If any should wish to construct a building equal to this, he would not be able to do it without expending an 100,000,000 red dinars, and it would occupy 200 years even though the most experience and able workmen were employed'... The Sultan gave orders that all temples should be burnt with naptha and fire, and levelled with the ground."

              Kanauj (Uttar Pradesh)

            

  "In Kanauj there were nearly 10,000 temples, which the idolaters falsely and absurdly represented to have been founded by their ancestors two or three hundred thousand years ago...Many of the inhabitants of the place fled and were scattered abroad like so many wretched widows and orphans, from the fear which oppressed them, in consequence of witnessing the fate of their deaf and dumb idols. Many of them thus effected their escape, and those who did not fly were put to death."

        

  6. Name Of The Book: Diwan-i-Salman

          Name Of The Historian: Khawajah Masud bin Sa'd bin Salman

          About The Author: Khawajah Masud bin Sa'd bin Salman was a poet. He wrote poems in praise of the Ghaznavid Sultans-Masu'd, Ibrahim and Bahram Shah. He died sometime between AD 1126 and 1131.

          The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

                a. Sultan Abu'l Muzaffar Ibrahim (AD 1059-1099)

                "As power and the strength of a lion was bestowed upon Ibrahim by the Almighty, he made over to him the well-populated country of Hindustan and gave him 40,000 valiant horsemen to take the country, in which there were more than 1000 rais...The army of the king destroyed at one time a thousand temples of idols, which had each been built for more than a thousand years. How can I describe the victories of the King..."

                Jalandhar (Punjab)

                "The narrative of any battles eclipses the stories of Rustam and Isfandiyar... By morning meal, not one soldier, not one Brahmin remained unkilled or uncaptured. Their heads were levelled with the ground with flaming fire… Thou has secured the victory to the country and to religion, for amongst the Hindus this achievement will be remembered till the day of resurrection. "

                Malwa (Madhya Pradesh)

                "…On this journey, the army destroyed a thousand idol-temples and thy elephants trampled over more than a hundred strongholds. Thou didst march thy army to Ujjain… The lip of infidelity became dry through fear of thee, the eye of plural-worship became blind..."

              7. Name Of The Book: Chach-Namah

              Name Of The Historian: Mohammed Al bin Hamid bin Abu Bakr Kufi

              About The Author: The Persian history was translated from Arabic by the above mentioned author in the time of Nasiruddin Qabacha, a slave of Mohammed Ghori.

              The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

                a. Mohammed bin Qasim (AD 712-715)

                Siwistan and Sisam (Sindh)

                Mohammed bin Qasem wrote to al-Hajjaj, the governor of Iraq:

                "The forts of Siwistan and Sism have been already taken. The nephew of Dahir, his warriors and principal officers have been dispatched, and infidels converted to Islam or destroyed. Instead of idol temples, mosques and other places of worship have been built, pulpits have been erected, the Khutba is read, the call to prayers is raised so that devotions are performed at sacred hours."

                Multan (Punjab)

                "Mohammed Qasem arose and with his counselors, guards and attendants, went to the temple. He saw there an idol made of gold, and its two eye were bright red rubies... Muhammed Qasem ordered the idol to be taken up. Two hundred and thirty ‘mans’ of gold were brought to the treasury together with the gems and pearls and treasures which were obtained from the plunder of Multan."

              8. Name Of The Book: Jamiu'l-Hikayat

              Name Of The Historian: Maulana Nuruddin Muhammed `Ufi

              About The Author: The author was born in or near the city of Bukhara in Transoxiana. He came to India and lived in Delhi for some time in the reign of Shamsu'd-Din Iltutmish (AD 1210-1236)

              The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

                a. Amru bin Laith (AD 879-900)

                Sakawand (Afghanistan)

                "It is related that Amru Lais conferred the governorship of Zabulistan on Fardaghan and sent him there at the head of four thousand horses. There was a large Hindu place of worship in that country, which was called Sakawand and people used to come on pilgrimage from the most remote parts of Hindustan to the idols of that place. When Fardaghan arrived in Zabulistan he led his army against it, took the temple, broke the idols in pieces and overthrew the idolaters... "

              9. Name Of The Book: Taju'l-Ma'sir

              Name Of The Historian: Sadru'd-Din Muhammed Hasan Nizamii

              About The Author: The author was born at Nishapur in Khurusan. He had to leave his ancestral place because of the Mongol invasion. He came to India and started writing his history in AD 1205.

              The Muslim Rulers He Wrote About:

                a. Sultan Muhammed Ghuri (AD 1175-1206)

                Ajmer (Rajasthan)

                "He destroyed the pillars and foundations of the idol temples and built in their stead mosques and colleges, and the precepts of Islam, and the customs of the law were divulged and established. .."

                Kuhram and Samana (Punjab)

                "The Government of the fort of Kohram and Samana were made over by the Sultan to Kutuu-din. He purged by his sword the land of Hind from the filth of infidelity and vice, and freed it from the thorn of God-plurality, and the impurity of idol-worship and by his royal vigor and intrepidity, left not one temple standing..."

                Meerut (Uttar Pradesh)

                "Kutub-d din marched from Kohran and when he arrived at Meerut which is one of the celebrated forts of the country of Hind, for the strength of its foundations and superstructure, and its ditch, which was as broad as the ocean and fathomless- an army joined him, sent by the dependent chiefs of the country. The fort was captured, and a Kotwal was appointed to take up his station in the fort, and all the idol temples were converted into mosques."

                Delhi

                "He then marched and encamped under the fort of Delhi...The city and its vicinity were freed from idols and idol-worship, and in the sanctuaries of the images of the Gods, nosques were raised by the worshippers of one God. Kutub-d din built the Jami Masjid at Delhi and adorned it with stones and gold obtained from the temples which had been demolished by the elephants, and covered it with inscriptions in Toghra, containing the divine commands."

                Varanasi (Uttar Pradesh)

                "From that place (Asni) the royal armi proceeded towards Benares which is the center of the country of Hind and here they destroyed nearly 1000 temples, and raised mosques on their foundations and the knowledge of the law became promulgated, and the foundations of religion were established. ."

                Aligarh (Uttar Pradesh)

                "There was a certain tribe in the neighbourhood of Kol which had occasioned much trouble. Three bastions were raised as high as heaven with their heads, and their carcasses became the food of beasts of prey. That tract was freed from idols and idol-worship and the foundation of infidelity were destroyed."

                Bayana (Rajasthan)

                "When Kutub-d din heard of Sultan's march from Ghazna, he was much rejoiced and advanced as far as Hansi to meet him. In the year AH 592 (AD 1196), they marched towards Thangar, and the center of idolatry and perdition became the abode of glory and splendour.."

                Kalinjar (Uttar Pradesh)

                "In the year AH 599 (Ad 1202), Kutub-d din proceeded to the investment Kalinjar, on which expedition he was accompanied by the Sahib-Kiran, Shamsu-d din Altmash... The temples were converted into mosques and abodes of goodness, and the ejaculations of bead counters and voices of summoners to prayer ascended to high heaven, and the very name of idolatry was annihilated. ."

                b. Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Iltutmish (AD 1210-1236)

                Delhi

                "The Sultan then returned from Jalor to Delhi..and after his arrival 'not a vestige or name remained of idol temples which had raised their heads on high; and the light of faith shone out from the darkness of infidelity.. and the moon of religion and the state became resplendent from the heaven of prosperity and glory."

              10. Name Of The Book: Kamilu't-Tawarikh

              Name Of The Historian: Ibn Asir

              About The Author: The author was born in AD 1160 in the Jazirat ibn Umar, an island on the Tigris above Mosul.

              The Muslim Rulers he Wrote About:

                a. Khalifa Al-Mahdi (AD 775-785)

                Barada (Gujrat)

            

    "In the year 159 (AD 776) Al Mahdi sent an army by sea under Abdul Malik bin Shahabu'l Musamma'i to India. They proceeded on their way and at length disembarked at Barada. When they reached the place they laid siege on it. The town was reduced to extremities and God prevailed over it in the same year. The people were forbidden to worship the Budd, which the Muhammadans burned."

              11. Name Of The Book: Tarikh-i-Jahan-Kusha

              Name Of The Historian: Alaud-Din Malik ibn Bahaud-Din Muhammed Juwaini

              About The Author: The author was born a native of Juwain in Khurasan near Nishapur. He was the Halaku during the Mongol campaign against the Ismai'lians and was later appointed the governor of Baghdad. He fell from grace and was imprisoned at Hamadan.

              The Muslim Rulers he Wrote About:

                a. Sultan Jalalud-Din Mankbarni (AD 1222-1231)

                Debal (Sindh)

              

  "The Sultan then went towards Dewal and Darbela and Jaisi... The Sultan raised Masjid at Dewal, on the spot where an idol temple stood."

              12. Name Of The Book: Mifathu'l-Futuh

              Name Of The Historian: Amir Khusru

              About The Author: The author, Amir Khusru was born at Delhi in 1253. His father occupied high positions in the reigns of Sultan Shamsu'd Din Iltutmish (AD 1210-1236) and his successors. Reputed to be the dearest disciple of Shykh Nizamuddin Auliya, he became the lick-spittle of whoever came out victorious in the contest for the throne at Delhi. He became the court poet of Balban's successor, Sultan Kaiqbad.

          

    The Muslim Rulers he wrote About:

                a. Sultan Jajalu'd-Din Khalji (AD 1290-1296)

                Jhain (Rajasthan)

            

    "The Sultan reached Jhain in the afternoon of the third day and stayed in the palace of the Raya he greatly enjoyed his stay for some time. Coming out, he took a round of gardens and temples. The idols he saw amazed him. Next day he got those idols of gold smashed with stones. The pillars of wood were burnt down by his order. A cry rose from the temples as if a second Mahmud has taken birth. Two idols were made of brass, one of which weighed nearly thousand ‘mans’. He got both of them broken, and the pieces were distributed among his people so that they may throw them at the door of Masjid on their return to Delhi."

                b. Sultan Alaud-Din Khilji (AD 1296-1316)

                Vidisha (Madhya Pradesh)

            

    "When he advanced from the capital of Karra, the Hindus, in alarm, descended into the earth like ants. He departed towards the garden of Behar to dye that soil with blood as red as tulip. He cleared the road to Ujjain of vile wretches, and created consternation in Bhilsan. When he affected his conquests in that country, he drew out of the river the idols which had been concealed in it.

                Devagiri (Maharshtra)

                "But see the mercy with which he regarded the broken-hearted, for, after seizing the rai, he set him free again. He destroyed the temples of the idolaters, and erected pulpits and arches for mosques

          13. Name Of The Book: Nuh Siphir

          Name of the Historian: Amir Khusru

          About the Author: The above mentioned book is the fourth historical mathnavi which Amir Khusru wrote when he was 67 years old. It celebrates the reign of Sultan Mubarak Shah Khalji.

          The Muslim Rulers he wrote About:

            a.. Sultan Mubarak Shah Khalji (AD 1315-1320)

            Warrangal (Andhra Pradesh)

            "They pursued the enemy to the gates and set everything on fire. They burnt down all those gardens and groves. That paradise of idol-worshippers became like hell. The fire-worshippers of ‘Bud’ were in alarm and flocked round their idols…"

       

          14. Name of the Book: Siyaru'l-Auliya

          Name of the Historian: Sayyed Muhammed bin Mubarak bin Muhammed

          About the Author: He was the grandson of an Iranian merchant who traded between Kirman in Iran and Lahore. The family traveled to Delhi after Shykh Farid's death and became devoted to Shykh Nizamu'd-din Auliya.

       

   The Muslim Rulers he wrote About:

            a.. Shykh Mu'in al-Din Chisti Ajmer (AD 1236)

            Ajmer (Rajasthan)

            "..Because of his Sword, instead of idols and temples in the land of unbelief now there are mosques, mihrab and mimbar. In the land where there were the sayings of the idol-worshippers, there is the sound of 'Allahu Akbar'...The descendants of those who were converted to Islam in this land will live until Day of Judgement; so too will those who bring others into the fold of Islam by the sword of Islam. Until the Day of Judgment these converts will be in debt of Shaykh al-Islam Mu'in al-din Hasam Sijzi..."

          15. Name of the Book: Masalik'ul Absar fi Mamalik'ul Amsar

          Name of the Historian: Shihabu'd-Din 'Abu'l Abbas Ahmed bin Yahya.

          About the Author: He was born in AD 1301. He was educated in Damascus and Cairo. He is considered to be a great man and scholar of his time and author of many books. He occupied high positions in Syria and Egypt.

          The Muslim Rulers he wrote About:

            a. Sultan Muhammed bin Tughlaq (AD 1325-1351)

     

       "The Sultan is not slack in Jihad. He never lets go of his spear or bridle in pursuing jihad by land and sea routes. This is his main occupation which engages his eyes and ears. Five temples have been destroyed and the images and idols of ‘Budd’ have been broken, and the lands have been freed from those who were not included in the daru'l Islam that is, those who had refused to become zimmis. Thereafter he got mosques and places of worship erected, and music replaced by call to prayers to Allah... The Sultan who is ruling at present has achieved that which had not been achieved so far by any king. He has achieved victory, supremacy, conquest of countries, destruction of the infidels, and exposure of magicians. He has destroyed idols by which the people of Hindustan were deceived in vain..."

         

        16. Name of the Book: Rehala of Ibn Battuta

          Name of the Historian: Shykh Abu Abdullah Muhammad ibn Ibrahim al-Lawatt at-Tanji al-Maruf be Ibn Battuta.

          About the Author: He belonged to an Arab family which was settled in Spain since AD 1312. His grandfather and father enjoyed the reputation of scholars and theologians. He himself was a great scholar who traveled extensively and over many lands. He came to India in 1325 and visited many places. He was very fond of sampling Hindu girls from different parts of India. They were presented to him by the Sultan Mohammed bin-Tughlaq with whom Ibn Battuta came in close contact. He also married Muslim women wherever he stayed and divorced them before his departure.

            a. His Travel description:

            (Delhi)

          

  "Near the eastern gate of the mosque, lie two very big idols of copper connected together by stones. Every one who comes in and goes out of the mosque treads over them. On the site of this mosque was a bud Khana that is an idol-house. After the conquest of Delhi, it was turned into a mosque..."

         

            17. Name of the Book: Tarikh-i-Firuz

          Name of the Historian: Shams Siraj Alif

          About the Author: The author became a courtier of Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq and undertook to complete the aforementioned history of Barani who had stopped at the sixth year of Firuz Shah's reign.

      

               The Muslim Rulers he wrote About:

            a. Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq (AD 1351-1388)

            Puri (Orissa)

           

 "The Sultan left Banarasi with the intention of pursuing the Rani of Jajnagar, who had fled to an island in the river...News was then brought that in the jangal were seven elephants, and one old shoe-elephant, which was very fierce. The Sultan resolved upon endeavoring to capture these elephants before continuing the pursuit of the Rai... After the hunt was over, the Sultan directed his attention to the Rai of Jajnagar, and entering the palace where he dwelt he found many fine buildings. It is reported that inside the Rai's fort, there was a stone idol which the infidels called Jagannath, and to which they paid their devotions. Sultan Firoz, in emulation of Mahmud Subuktign, having rooted up the idol, carried it away to Delhi where he placed it in an ignominious position."

            b. Nagarkot Kangra(Himachal Pradesh)

            "..Sultan Muhammed Shah bin Tughlaq and Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq were sovereigns especially chosen by Almighty from among the faithful, and in their whole course of their reigns, wherever they took an idol temple they broke and destroyed it."

            Delhi

            "A report was brought to the Sultan that there was in Delhi an old Brahmin who persisted in publicly performing the worship of idols in his house; and that people of the city, both Musalmans and Hindus, used to resort to his house to worship the idol. The Brahmin had constructed a wooden tablet which was covered within and without with paintings of demons and other objects. An order was accordingly given that the Brahmin, with his tablet, should be brought into the presence of the Sultan at Firozabad. The judges and doctors and elders and lawyers were summoned, and the case of the Brahmin was submitted for their opinion. Their reply was that the provisions of the Law were clear: the Brahmin must either become a Musalman or be burned. The true faith was declared to the Brahmin, and the right course pointed out, but he refused to accept it. Orders were given for raising a pile of faggots before the door of the darbar (court). The Brahmin was tied hand and foot and cast into it; the tablet was thrown on top and the pile was lighted. The writer of this book was present at the darbar and witnessed the execution. The tablet of the Brahmin was lighted in two places, at his head and at his feet; the wood was dry and the fire first reached his feet, and drew him a cry, but the flames quickly enveloped his head and consumed him. Behold the Sultan's strict adherence to law and rectitude, how he would not deviate in the least from its decrees!"

          Here Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq glorifies his own criminal acts in Bharat as sanctioned by the "holy" Koran.

          18. Name of the Book: Futuhat-i-Firuz Shahi

          Name of the Historian: Sultan Firuz Shah Tughlaq

          About the Author: Sultan had got the eight chapters of his work inscribed on eight slabs of stone which were fixed on eight sides of the octagonal dome of a building near the Jami Masjid at Firuzabad.

            a. Prayers of Temple-destroyers in this Book

            "The next matter which by God's help I accomplished, was the repetition of names and titles of former sovereigns which had been omitted from the prayers of Sabbaths and Feasts. The names of those sovereigns of Islam, under whose happy fortune and favour infidel countries had been conquered, whose banners had waved over many a land, under whom idol-temples had been demolished, and mosques and pulpits built and exalted..."

            Delhi and Evirons

            "The Hindus and idol-worshippers had agreed to pay the money for toleration (zar-i zimmiya) and had consented to the poll-tax(jiziya) in return for which they and their families enjoyed security. These people now erected new idol-temples in the city and the enviorns in opposition to the law of the Prophet which declares that such temples are not to be tolerated. Under divine guidance I destroyed these edifices and I killed those leaders of infidelity who seduced others into error, and the lower orders I subjected to stripes and chastisement, until this abuse was entirely abolished. The following is an instance: In the vilalge of Maluh, there is a tank which they call kund (tank). Here they had built idol-temples and on certain days the Hindus were accustomed to proceed thither on horseback, and wearing arms. Their women and children also went out in palankins and carts. Then they assembled in thousands and performed idol-worship. ...when intelligence of this came to my ears my religious feelings prompted me at once to put a stop to this scandal and offence to the religion of Islam. On the day of the assembly I went there in person and I ordered that the leaders of these people and the promoters of this abominations should be put to death. I destroyed their idol-temples and instead thereof raised mosques."

            Gohana (Haryana)

            "Some Hindus had erected a new idol-temple in the village of Kohana and the idolators used to assemble there and perform their idolatrous rites. These people were seized and brought before me. I ordered that the perverse conduct of the leaders of this wickedness should be publicly proclaimed, and that they should be put to death before the gate of the palace. I also ordered that the infidel books, the idols and the vessels used in their worship, which had been taken with idols, should all be publicly burnt. The others were restrained by threats and punishments, as a warning to all men, that no zimmi could follow such wicked practices in a Muslaman country."

          19. Name of the Book: Tarikh-i-Mubarak Shahi

          Name of the Historian: Yahya Ammad bin Abdullah Sirhindi

          About the Author: The author lived in the reign of Sultan Muizu'd-Din Abu'l Fath Mubarak Shah (AD 1421-1434) of the Sayyid dynasty which ruled at Delhi from AD 1414-1451.

          The Muslim Rulers he wrote About:

            a. Sultan Shamsu'd-Din Iltutmish (AD 1210-1236)

            Vidisha and Ujjain (Madhya Pradesh)

            "In AH 631 he invaded Malwah, and after suppressing the rebels of that place, he destroyed that idol-temple which had existed there for the past three hundred years. Next he turned towards Ujjain and conquered it, and after demolishing the idol-temple of Mahakal, he uprooted the statue of Bikramajit together with all other statues and images which were placed on pedestals, and brought them to the capital where they were laid before the Jami Masjid for being trodden under foot by the people

          20. Name of the Book: Tarikh-i-Muhammadi

          Name of the Historian: Muhammed Bihamad Khani

          About the Author: The author was the son of the governor of Irich in Bundelkhand. He was a soldier who participated in several wars. His history covers a long period - from Prophet Mohammed to AD 1438-39

          The Muslim Rulers he wrote About:

            a. Sultan Ghiyasu'd-Din Tughlaq Shah II (AD 1388-89)

            Kalpi (Uttar Pradesh)

            "In the meanwhile Delhi received news of the defeat of the armies of Islam which were with Malikzada Mahmud bin Firuz Khan...This Malikzada reached the bank of the Yamuna via Shahpur and renamed Kalpi which was the abode and center of the infidels and the wicked, as Muhammadabad, after the name of Prophet Muhammed. He got mosques erected for the worship of Allah in places occupied by temples, and made that city his capital. "

            b. Sultan Nasiru'd-Din Mahmud Shah Tughlaq (AD 1389-1412)

            Prayag and Kara (Uttar Pradesh)

            "The Sultan moved with the armies of Islam towards Prayag and Arail with the aim of destroying the infidels, and he laid waste both those places. The vast crowd which had collected at Prayag for worshipping false gods was made captive. The inhabitants of Kara were freed from the mischief of rebels on account of this aid from King and the name of this king of Islam became famous by this reason."

          Another Moghul ruler by the name of Babur who was in love with a young boy named Baburi glorifies his lecherously Islamic deeds in the Babur-Nama.

          21. Name of the Book: Babur-Nama

 Name of the Author: Zahiru'd-Din Muhammed Babur

About the Author: The author of this book was the founder of Mughal dynasty in India who proclaimed himself a Padshah (Ruler) after his victory in the First Battle of Panipat (AD 1526), and a Ghazi (killer of kafirs) after the defeat of Rana Sanga in the Battle of Khanwa (AD 1528) While presenting himself as an indefatigable warrior and drug-addict he does not hide the cruelties he committed on the defeated people, particularly his fondness for building towers of the heads of those he captured as prisoners of war or killed in battle. He is very liberal in citing appropriate verses from the Quran on the eve of the battle with Rana Sanga. In order to ensure his victory, he makes a covenant with Allah by breaking the vessels containing wine as also the cups for drinking it, swearing at the same time that "he would break the idols of the idol-worshippers in a similar manner". In the Fath-Nama (prayer for victory) composed for him by Shykh Zain, Allah is described as "destroyers of idols from their foundations" The language he uses for his Hindu adversaries is typically Islamic.

   a. Zahirud-Din Muhammed Babur Padshah Ghazi (AD 1526-1530)

            Chanderi (Madhya Pradesh)

            "In AH 934 (AD 1528), I attacked Chanderi and, by the grace of Allah, captured it in a few hours. We got the infidels slaughtered and the place which had been a daru'l-harb for years, was made into daru'l-Islam. "

            Gwalior (Madhya Pradesh)

            "Next day, at the time of the noon prayer, we went out for seeing those places in Gwalior which we had not seen yet. Going out of the Hathipole Gate of the fort, we arrived at a place called Urwa. Urwa is not a bad place It is an enclosed space. Its biggest blemish is its statues. I ordered that they should be destroyed... "

            a. Name of the structure: Quwwat al-Islam Masjid

            Location: Delhi in Uttar Pradesh

            Inscription:

              "This fort was conquered and the Jami Masjid built in the year 587 by the Amir(*), the great, the glorious commander of the Army, Qutub-ud-daula wad-din, the Amir-ul-umara Aibeg, the slave of the Sultan, may Allah strengthen his helpers. The materials of 27 idol temples, on each of which 2,000,000 Delhiwals(** ) had been spent were used in the construction of the mosque."

            *The Amir mentioned above was Qutubud-Din Aibak, slave of Muhammed Ghori.

            **"Delhiwal" was a high denomination coin current at that time in Delhi.

            b. Name of the structure: Mansuri Masjid

            Location: Vijapur in Gujrat

            Inscription:

              "The Blessed and Exalted Allah says, 'And verily, mosques are for Allah only; hence invoke not anyone else with Allah.' This edifice was originally built by the infidels. After the advent of Islam, it was converted into a mosque. Sermon was delivered here for sixty-seven years. Due to the sedition of the infidels, it was again destroyed. When during the reign of the Sultan of the time, Ahmad, the affairs of each Iqta attained magnificence, Bahadur, the Sarkhail, once again carried out repairs. Through the generosity of Divine munificence, it became like new."

            c. Name of the structure: Masjid at Manvi

            Location: Manvi in Karnataka

            Inscription:

              "Praise be to Allah that by the decree of the Parvardigar, a mosque has been converted out of a temple as a sign of religion in the reign of the world-conquering emperor, the Sultan who is the asylum of the Faith and the possessor of the crown, who's kingdom is young, viz. Firuz Shah Bahmani, who is the cause of Exuberant spring in the garden of religion, Adu'l-Fath the king who conquered. After the victory of the emperor, the chief of chiefs, Safdar (the valiant commander) of the age, received the fort. The builder of this noble place of prayer is Muhammad Zahir Aqchi, the pivot of the Faith. He constructed in the year 809 from the Migration of the Chosen (prophet Muhammdad) this Ka'ba like momento."

            d. Name of the structure: Mausoleum of Shykh 'Abdullah Shah Changal

            Location: Dhar in Madhya Pradesh

            Inscription:

              "The centre became Muhammadan first by him(*) (and) all the banners of religion were spread... This lion-man came from the centre of religion to this old temple with a large force. He broke the images of the false deities, and turned the idol temple into a mosque. When Rai Bhoj saw this, through wisdom he embraced Islam with the family of his brave warriors(**). This quarter became illuminated by the light of the Muhammadan law, and the customs of the infidels became obsolete and abolished."

            *Shykh 'Abdullah Shah Changal

            **In this case the Hindu King was Bhoj II and during his reign Jalalu'd-Din Khalji (AD 1290-1296) of Delhi invaded Malwa. Changal was the Muslim missionary who accompanied Khalji's army. This army after plundering and looting the kingdom of Bhoj II converted a Hindu temple into a mosque and forced the ruler and his subjects to accept Islam.

            e. Name of the structure: Jami' Masjid

            Location: Malan in Gujrat

            Inscription:

              "...(The Prophet), on him be peace, says 'He who builds a mosque in the world, the Exalted Allah builds for him a palace in Paradise.' In the auspicious time of the government and peaceful time of Mahmud Shah, son of Muhammad Shah, the sultan, the Jami', mosque was constructed on the hill of the fort of Malun (or Malwan) by Khan-i-Azam Ulugh Khan...at the request of the thandar Kabir, (son of Diya), the building was constructed by the son of Ulugh Khan who is magnanimous, just, generous, brave and who suppressed the wretched infidels. He eradicated the idol-houses and mine of infidelity, along with the idols... with the edge of his sword, and made ready this edifice... He made its walls and doors out of the idols; the back of every stone became the place for prostration of the believer..."

            f. Name of the structure: Jami' Masjid

            Location: Amod in Gujrat

            Inscription:

              "Allah and His grace. When divine favour was bestowed on Khalil Shah, he constructed the Jami' Masjid for the decoration of Islam; he ruined the idol-house and temple of the polytheists, (and) completed the Masjid and pulpit in its place. Without doubt, his building was accepted by Allah."

            g.. Name of the structure: Shrine of Shah Madar

            Location: Narwar in Mdhya pradesh

            Inscription:

              "Dilawar Khan, the chief among the king's viceroys, caused this mosque to built which is like a place of shelter for the favourites. Infidelity has been subdued, and Islam has triumphed because of him. The idols have bowed to him and the temples have been razed to the ground along with their foundations, and mosques and worship houses are flowing with riches."

            h. Name of structure: Hamman Darwaza Masjid

            Location: Jaunpur in Uttar Pradesh

            Inscription:

              "Thanks by the guidance of Everlasting and the Living Allah, this house of infidelity became the niche of prayer. As a reward for that, the Generous Lord constructed an abode for the builder in paradise..."

            i. Name of structure: Jami Masjid

            Location: Ghoda in Maharashtra

            Inscription:

              "O Allah O Muhammed ! O Ali ! When Mir Muhammed Zaman made up his mind, he opened the door of prosperity on himself by his own hand. He demolished thirty-three idol temples and by divine grace laid the foundation of a building in the abode of perdition."

            j. Name of structure: Gachinala Masjid

            Location: Kurnool District of Andhra Pradesh

            Inscription:

              "He is Allah, may be glorified. During the august rule of...Muhammed Shah, there was a well established idol-house in Kuhmum...Muhammed Salih...razed to the ground, the edifice of the idol-house and broke the idols in a manly fashion. He constructed on its site a suitable mosque, towering above the building of all."

   Note: Works of Arun Shourie, Harsh Narain, Jay Dubashi and Sita Ram Goel have been used in this article.

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