Tsangyang Gyatso (1 March 1683 – 15 November 1706) was the sixth Dalai Lama. He was a Monpa by ethnicity and was born at Urgelling Monastery, 5 km from Tawang, India and not far from the large Tawang Monastery in the northwestern part of present-day Arunachal Pradesh in India (claimed by China as South Tibet).
He led a playboy lifestyle and disappeared, near Kokonor probably murdered on his way to Beijing in 1706. Tsangyang Gyatso composed poems and songs that are not only still immensely popular in modern day Tibet but(as translated versions) have also gained significant popularity all across China .
As a Dalai Lama, Tsangyang had composed excellent works of songs and poems, but often went against the principles of the Gelug School of Tibetan Buddhism. For example, he decided to give his Getsul vow to the Panchen Lama Lobsang Yeshi Palsangpo at eighteen, instead of taking the usual Gelong.
The Panchen Lama, who was the abbot of Tashi Lhunpo Monastery, and Prince Lhazang, the younger brother of the Po Gyalpo Wangyal, persuaded him not to do so.
Tsangyang Gyatso, enjoyed a lifestyle that included drinking, the company of women and men, and writing love songs. He visited Lobsang Yeshe, the Fifth Panchen Lama, in Shigatse and requesting his forgiveness, renounced the vows of a novice monk. He ordered the building of the Tromzikhang palace in Barkhor, Lhasa.
Tsangyang Gyatso had always rejected life as a monk, although this did not mean the abdication of his position as the Dalai Lama. Wearing the clothes of a normal layman and preferring to walk than to ride a horse or use the state palanquin, Tsangyang only kept the temporal prerogatives of the Dalai Lama. He also visited the parks and spent nights in the streets of Lhasa, drinking wine, singing songs and having amorous relations with girls. Tsangyang retreated to live in a tent in the park near the northern escarpment of Potala. Tsangyang finally gave up his discourses in public parks and places in 1702, which he had been required to do as part of his training.
Using the Dalai Lama's behaviour as an excuse, Lhazang Khan, the king of the Qośot or Khoshut Mongols, killed the regent, and kidnapped the Sixth Dalai Lama who was killed or died (and/or achieved nirvana and some believe can still be met as if alive), soon after on the way to China .
Tsangyang was succeeded by Kelzang Gyatso who was born in Lithang.
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